Pola TOEFL

Participle & Reduced Clause di soal TOEFL

Kalimat pembuka berbentuk "___ in 1811, the university…" adalah tanda tangan soal ITP. Yang diuji satu keputusan saja: V-ing atau V3? Jawabannya selalu dari hubungan subjek dengan kata kerjanya — melakukan, atau dikenai?

V-ing vs V3 di awal kalimat

Subjek MELAKUKAN aksi → V-ing (aktif)	Subjek DIKENAI aksi → V3 (pasif)
Consisting of 17,000 islands, Indonesia… (Indonesia yang "terdiri")	Founded in 1602, the company… (perusahaan DIdirikan)
Hoping to win, the team trained daily.	Written in 1925, the novel remains popular.
Having finished the test, she left early. (selesai lebih dulu)	Located on the coast, the city attracts tourists.

Uji cepat: sisipkan "karena/setelah subjek di-…" — kalau masuk akal, pakai V3. "Perusahaan didirikan tahun 1602" ✓ → Founded.

Reduced relative clause

Pola kedua: relative clause yang dipendekkan di tengah kalimat.

• The students who were selected for the program → The students selected for the program (pasif → V3)
• The river that flows through the city → The river flowing through the city (aktif → V-ing)

Jebakan favorit Written Expression: The students selecting for the program ✗ — mereka DIpilih, seharusnya selected. Dan jangan sisakan kata bantu: The novel was written in 1925 remains popular ✗ (dua kata kerja bertabrakan) → hapus was.

Drill: participle & reduced clause

Jawab langsung di sini — Tejo 🐈‍⬛ akan menjelaskan setiap jawaban.